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November 2021

With Shoulder Season Comes Critical Transition in Operations

With Shoulder Season Comes Critical Transition in Operations

2021-11-08 18:34:34.000 – Sam Robinson, Weather Observer/Engineer

 

Shoulder season is underway for us at the Mount Washington Observatory and it can certainly be a hectic time of year, posing unique challenges in regards to transportation to the summit of Mount Washington. Although most folks are enjoying fall weather at low elevations, winter is starting to bare its teeth at high elevations.

As reported in my Oct. 25 Higher Summits Forecast, “a general 2 to 5 inches of snow is expected across the higher summits with higher amounts possible with upslope enhancement, and lesser amounts at lower elevations. Temperatures look to stay cold enough for snow to fall for a majority of the day but the air looks to warm enough to support a wintry mix or even a switchover to plain rain late. A brief period of freezing rain is even possible.”

The dynamic nature of the weather on Mount Washington, with its quick and unexpected changes of conditions, make the task of planning and executing transportation difficult. With the Mt. Washington Auto Road now being closed for the season, our snowcat has been transported by flatbed up to Winter Cut-Off (about halfway up the road) where it will be staged until the road is snow covered top to bottom. The staging of the snowcat prevents the lower, bare sections of road from being damaged by the metal cleats and carbide studs on the tracks. Before snow limits our mode of transportation to the snow cat, we also utilize our 4wd van and pickup truck equipped with tire chains. All of us observers (and interns) are trained on installing the tire chains to make for a quick installation in inclement weather if need be. Sometimes, weather conditions will require the use of all the different modes of transportation in one trip: van without chains to almost tree line, then van with chains up to the snowcat, followed by the snowcat the remainder of the way. Thanks to a super generous donation, we also received a new pickup truck the beginning of this year, which is equipped with a V-plow. The relatively new design of the V-plow is much safer for us doing snow removal, as it forces the snow to both sides of the truck and cuts through the snow, as opposed to a traditional straight blade plow. A straight blade requires the plow to be angled to push the snow out of the way, which can dangerously force the truck sideways on the narrow summit road.

Our New Pickup Truck Leading the Way up the Auto Road During Shift Change

Each new week can require a different setup depending on the scenario. And even after all the winter preparations have been completed, a warm spell can come and put us back to square one, with pre-winter conditions and a fully bare road. Luckily, our Director of Summit Operations Rebecca Scholand and our Technology and Operations Manager Pete Gagne are no strangers to dealing with shoulder season conditions and can prepare our staff for safe trips up to the summit. All of us snow lovers on staff are hoping for snowy weather to come quick and last long, which will allow us to utilize the snowcat from base to summit, leading to less hectic shift change days with less switching around of equipment and vehicles. In a few short months though, we will be right back to shoulder season again, this time in the spring. Thanks to all of our MWO supporters, the team can ensure our scientists maintain a lifeline to the summit while keeping watch at our weather station every hour, every day, no matter the harsh conditions.

The Mount Washington Observatory Snowcat (right) and the Mount Washington Auto Road Snowcat (left) Staged at the 2-Mile Parking Lot in April 2021

 

Sam Robinson, Weather Observer/Engineer

October 2021

Bucket List Item Checked Off!!

Bucket List Item Checked Off!!

2021-10-26 04:46:45.000 – Matthew Addison, Weather Observer

 

Greetings friends, my name is Matthew Addison, the newest Night Observer/Meteorologist here at the Mount Washington Observatory. When I began my meteorology career 26 years ago while serving in the United States Air Force, I heard about Mount Washington and how it was the “Home of the Worst Weather.” Through the years, me and my colleagues would always talk about one day working for the Observatory; however, I had to put it on my “bucket list” as I decided to make the Air Force my career. Now, I am blessed to have this opportunity and check off this bucket list item.

I started my meteorology career after enlisting in the United States Air Force in 1995. In the early years of my Air Force career, I trained to become a weather observer and forecaster. Midway through my career, I earned my associates degree in Weather Technology and bachelor’s degree in Meteorology. At the same time, I received my Air Force Commission and became a weather officer.

Throughout my Air Force career, I had the opportunity to observe and forecast the weather across the world in such places as Africa, Norway, England, Croatia, Germany, Southwest Asia, and all over the United States. Additionally, I deployed to and led weather teams who provided specialized aviation weather support during combat operations in Iraq, Kuwait, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Qatar, Libya, and Kyrgyzstan.

After serving for 22 years, I retired from the Air Force in 2017 and began training Army Intelligence Soldiers how to use a battle planning software to identify weather impacts to military combat operations.

I’m not new to “extreme weather”; however, the weather that Mount Washington offers is very different from than the extreme weather I’ve experienced. Over the years I’ve experienced “Haboobs” (intense dust storms) in the Middle East, Hurricanes across the U.S. Gulf Coast, massive ice storms in the Midwest and severe thunderstorms and tornadoes in the south-central portions of the U.S. and in Africa. In my spare time, I enjoy chasing tornadoes and severe storms, as I enjoy taking weather photography (specifically of lightning).

I’ve only been on the summit for 5 days now and have already experienced the thickest fog I’ve ever seen with sustained winds above hurricane force. Taking an observation with winds gusting to 81 mph is something I’ll never forget (and is pretty awesome to experience). Additionally, I’ve had my first taste of winter as we received 3” of snow and even have quite a bit of glaze ice due to freezing rain. I know Mount Washington’s “Worst Weather“ has more to offer and I can’t wait to see what else is in store for me during my time here. While I’m very happy to mark this off my “bucket list”, I’m honored to have this opportunity to help facilitate Mount Washington’s ability to continue its mission of “advancing the understanding of the natural systems that create Earth’s weather and climate” and ensure the continuity of the longest continuous climate records here in North America. I’m very excited to join this team of weather professionals and begin this new chapter of my career.

 

 

Matthew Addison, Weather Observer

Founding Day!

Founding Day!

2021-10-14 15:25:42.000 – Mount Washington Observatory Staff, Weather Observers

 

Today we celebrate the founding of Mount Washington Observatory…
 
Setting the stage on October 15, 1932, Bob Monahan, Sal Pagliuca, Alex MacKenzie, and Joe Dodge set up a permanent presence on the summit. Using funds obtained from a research grant and a few private donors, the Mount Washington Observatory was formally established, with a mission of advancing the understanding of weather, climate, and the mountain itself.
 
Photo 1. Original four observersPhoto 1. Original four observers
 
Just two years later, on April 12, 1934 the Observatory captured what was then the fastest surface wind speed ever observed by man, at 231 mph. This thrust Mount Washington into the spotlight, and highlighted the value in having a mountaintop weather station.
 
Due to their steadfast dedication and the Observatory staff that followed, this mountain top weather station remains a unique operation staffed 365 days a year and proudly maintains one of the longest running climate records in North America. Now 89 years rich in history we continue to gather, disseminate and analyze daily weather data; to contribute to the critical, long-term weather and climate record essential to scientific understanding of weather and climate in a unique, extreme environment. Here’s to approaching our 90th anniversary, and many more anniversary’s to come!
 
 
Photo 2. Present day observers
 
While we at the Observatory are extremely proud to celebrate our history, it is only a fraction of what makes the day so special. None of it would have been possible without the support of our donors and members! Thank you to everyone who has had a hand in making the Observatory what it is today, we genuinely couldn’t do it without you!

 

Mount Washington Observatory Staff, Weather Observers

Some September Stats As We Transition Seasons

Some September Stats As We Transition Seasons

2021-10-06 08:12:23.000 – Jay Broccolo, Weather Observer and Meteorologist

 

September has come to a close and with it comes some end-of-month stats.

September Stats: September averages compared to 1991 – 2020 climate normals (NCEI)

Temperature:

The average temperature was 43.1° F with a departure from normal of 0.0. The highest temperature this month was 56°F on the 18th and the lowest temperature was 26° F on the 29th, which was also the first observed snowfall and glazing event on the summit of Mount Washington. The average high temperature for the month was 47.9° F and the average low temperature was 38.3° F.

Precipitation:

The summit of Mt. Washington experienced 10.47” of liquid equivalent. Which means all precipitation types, liquid, and the melted amount of frozen precipitation. The average precipitation for September is 7.66” so; this September saw 2.81” more than normal. We measured 3.42” of water in the precipitation can on the 24th, putting it by far as the wettest day of the month. The first frozen precipitation event on the 29th and 30th produced 1.9” of snowfall, which 1.6” occurred during a 24-hour period over those two days.

Wind:

Mt. Washington experienced 205 hours of westerly flow, which was 28% of the total hours of the month. Mount Washington Observatory recorded an average wind speed of 32.0 mph over the month with the fastest wind gust clocked at 93 mph on the 12th.

Pressure:

The average station (KMWN) pressure was 808.549 mbar (23.876 inHG) with the highest pressure recorded at the station of 819.917 mbar (24.212 inHG). The lowest pressure was 799.060 mbar (23.596 inHG).

Wrap Up:

With September behind us and October in its early stages, the region has begun its transition into the shoulder season as winter steadily approaches. The average temperature at the beginning of September started at 47° F and by the end of it, is at 38° F. Heading into October, average temperatures will drop below the freezing point mid-month, so in about a week’s time, the summit will be experiencing more and more events of frozen precipitation. The average wind speed for October is 35.5 mph, 3.5 mph faster than September, which indicates that we should start to see higher winds, and our first 100 mph wind gust in some time, certainly the first of the season! Pressure will continue to drop as well. Both high and low-pressure systems will lower as the gradient in temperatures between the poles and the equator intensify. Having said that, Mount Washington and the White Mountains, in general, will start to experience harsher and more intense systems as we begin the transition into winter and Mount Washington Observatory’s 90th year of data recording!

Figure 1: The Mount Washington Observatory’s instrument tower coated in the season’s first snow and icing event.

 

Jay Broccolo, Weather Observer and Meteorologist

September 2021

From Texas to New Hampshire

From Texas to New Hampshire

2021-09-28 03:30:42.000 – Adam Muhith, Summit Intern

 

Howdy, y’all! My name is Adam Muhith and I am proud to be one of the new interns for the Fall 2021 season. I recently graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a B.S. in environmental engineering, and I am so excited to begin my career in environmental research up here. I can’t think of a better place to do it.

I’m from Houston, Texas, and this will be the first time I’ve ever spent a fall and winter out of state. I’m so excited to be here!  In just one week so far, I’ve been able to have an experience so unlike anything else. It’s cold already, the wind is stronger than anything I’ve ever seen, and the view of Mounts Clay, Jefferson, Adams, and Madison from the Observatory window take my breath away every time I look out (in the few moments we’ve had while not surrounded by fog). Yesterday we got a bit of a clearing, so I decided to take a quick hike while we had some spare time. It was a good hike, but I should’ve realized how challenging it would be to hike in winds that gusted up to 60 mph!

But it’s not all a brand-new experience for me. My grandparents live here in New Hampshire, so I’ve been incredibly lucky to have spent nearly every summer of my life up here in the Granite State. I owe all of my thanks to my grandfather, who, for longer than I can remember, has encouraged a love of the outdoors and hiking to me and really provide me the necessary knowledge and know-how to thrive in a camping setting. I’ve also worked at a summer camp for a while, and easily my favorite thing to do there is to lead camping trips. Our marquee trip is a three-day hike on Mount Washington and down the southern presidentials. I’ve spent countless hours trekking away on the Great Gulf Path, Crawford Path, a little time on Gulfside and Nelson Crag, but have yet to hit Tuckerman and Lion Head – I’m beyond determined to get to those soon. In my tenure as a hiker, I’ve hit all the presidential peaks except for Mount Madison, and getting to look out at the peak every time the fog clears does nothing more than make me want to spend every waking hour up here.

I’m not just a hiker though. If it can be made into a camping trip, I’m right there. Climbing, canoeing, kayaking, paddleboarding – if it’s outdoors, I’ve gone on that trip, I’ve led that trip as a guide, and I’ll be doing it again next summer.

As my first week ends, I’m so excited to see what else Mount Washington has in store. So far, I’ve learned how to take a weather observation, helped change out precipitation cans, measured wind charts, given out weather reports to the AMC huts, assisted in the Extreme Mount Washington Museum, and helped the other observers up here with their daily work. Looking forward to this season, I’m super excited to get to experience some more extreme weather, and to hopefully assist with the other research projects happening up here. It’s going to be a great season.

 

Adam Muhith, Summit Intern

First Week on the Summit!

First Week on the Summit!

2021-09-21 12:25:41.000 – Abigail Fitzgibbon, Summit Intern

 

My name is Abigail Fitzgibbon and I’m absolutely thrilled to be interning for Mount Washington Observatory on the summit this fall. Having grown up on the North Shore of Massachusetts, I’m no stranger to extreme weather. As a kid, I loved watching storms roll in, often flooding my coastal town. I just graduated from UCLA where I studied geography & environmental studies with a focus on GIS and remote sensing. While in Southern California, I got to experience some amazing hiking, backpacking, and all around good times in the outdoors, but I missed the four seasons and extreme weather of New England. For that reason and so much more, I’m so excited to be spending this fall on Mount Washington!

I’ve only been here a week, but the internship is already such an incredible experience. I’ve learned a ton about climatology: Building off of my classroom (mostly Zoom) education and getting to experience the use of instruments, models, and the weather itself first hand has been amazing. I got to take a shot at forecasting earlier this week, and it was super neat to see and interpret models similar to those used in my undergrad, but to apply them to a new, real world context

My second night up, the observers and I hiked over to Lakes of the Clouds for dinner. While the summit had been mostly in the clouds the whole day, it was breathtaking to see the sun emerge as we descended and the clouds lifted. On the hike back in the dark, the Milky Way and view all the way to Montreal in the distance were even more impressive. I’m really looking forward to more hikes and spectacular views, especially as the temperatures drop.

All in all, it’s been a great first week, and I can’t wait to see what the rest of the season holds

                                       Hike down to Lakes of the Clouds with a view of the cap cloud over the summit

 

Abigail Fitzgibbon, Summit Intern

My First Week at 6288′

My First Week at 6288′

2021-09-14 23:49:45.000 – Sam Gawel, Summit Intern

 

My name is Sam Gawel and I am ecstatic to be up for my first week at the Mount Washington Observatory. I was born and raised in Detroit, but the White Mountains have always been a second home, as much of my family lives in or comes from the area. Just this summer, my family moved to Piermont, NH, and we couldn’t be happier for it. This has allowed me plenty of time to explore these beautiful peaks and valleys. I am a junior at Dartmouth College majoring in environmental earth sciences, but predominantly interested in meteorology and climate science. In my free time, I enjoy hiking, mountain biking, cooking, and watching my hometown Lions lose every Sunday.

 

Thus far, this internship has featured some pretty remarkable moments. The picture above is from my second night here, and features the most beautiful sunset that I have ever seen. Incredibly, I’m told by the observers that it gets even better. This week, I have also had the privilege of experiencing battering winds, including a peak gust of the week at 93 mph. Throughout all of this, I have had the opportunity to shadow these observers as they show me how to record observations of the surrounding weather conditions, as well as being introduced to the beautiful complexity of creating forecasts. I would say that I am most excited to learn more about this process, considering that it involves a plethora of data to effectively predict the future. This first week has not been overly intense, as the observers are easing us in as we learn more about our roles here and acclimate to the new environment.

In the short time that I have been here, I am blown away by the space and people which I am getting to know. The opportunity to pursue my interest in one of the field’s most interesting sites has been a dream already. I am looking forward to all that this internship has yet to teach and show me.

 

Sam Gawel, Summit Intern

Hello, Meteorological Autumn!

Hello, Meteorological Autumn!

2021-09-08 07:01:22.000 – Jackie Bellefontaine, Weather Observer

 

A big warm welcome to my favorite season, autumn! You may be thinking, “Wait? September only just started!” well, this past Wednesday (September 1st) marked the start of what is known as meteorological autumn. Meteorological autumn differs from what is considered the start of autumn on the calendar called astronomical autumn. This applies to the other seasons as well. So, what is the difference between meteorological and astronomical seasons? 

 

Earth’s rotation around the sun forms the astronomical calendar, punctuated with significant points in rotation that define the changes between different seasons. These points are known as the equinoxes and solstices. Earth’s tilt as well as the sun’s alignment over the equator determine the two equinoxes and two solstices. The equinoxes occur at the times when the sun passes directly over the equator, around March 21st (vernal equinox) and September 22nd (autumnal equinox) in the Northern Hemisphere. Solstices are the points when the sun appears to reach its highest or lowest point in the sky for the year, around December 22nd (winter solstice) and June 21st (summer solstice) in the Northern Hemisphere. In the Southern Hemisphere, the seasons are reversed by still begin on the same dates.  However, the time it takes the Earth to complete its rotation around the sun and its elliptical orbit causes the exact dates of the equinoxes and solstices to vary. The Earth actually takes 365.24 days to travel the sun, therefore an extra day is needed every four years, creating the Leap Year. Additionally, the elliptical shape of Earth’s orbit around the sun can cause the lengths of the seasons to change as well. The variations in the durations and start of the seasons creates a challenge when trying to compare climatological statistics for a particular season across years. Thus, meteorological seasons came to be! 

 
                   

                                       Schematic of Earth’s rotation showing the equinoxes and solstices

 

Meteorological seasons are the seasons broken down into four groupings of three months, grouping is based on the annual temperature cycle as well as our calendar year. Summer is considered to be the warmest part of the year, winter the coldest, autumn and spring the transitional periods. Thus, meteorological summer is considered to be June, July, August; meteorological winter includes December, January, February; meteorological spring includes March, April, May; and meteorological autumn includes September, October and November. 

So, if someone now tells you it’s too early to start decorating for autumn, just keep putting out your pumpkins and inform them “Actually, its meteorological autumn!”. 

 

Jackie Bellefontaine, Weather Observer

August 2021

Turning the Page for Windswept, the Bulletin of the Mount Washington Observatory

Turning the Page for Windswept, the Bulletin of the Mount Washington Observatory

2021-08-25 07:36:19.000 – Charlie Buterbaugh, Development Coordinator & Windswept Editor

 

With each edition of Windswept, we gather perspectives. These connect our community through themes like Mount Washington Observatory history, life at our summit weather station, or the important meteorology and climate work carried out bravely by scientists who call this extreme environment home.

Bringing these and other storylines together for the past 14 years is an instrumental member of the Observatory family, Marty Basch. Since 2007, Marty has served as the editor of our bulletin, writing and assigning stories that open windows into the contemporary and historical role our non-profit plays in understanding Earth’s weather and climate. We’re fortunate to have benefited from Marty’s talents, witnessing his skilled production of Windswept during this generous expanse of time.

Marty recently decided to conclude his role as editor, opening a new chapter in his life and writing career. We’re grateful for his service and wish him our very best!

As Windswept’s new editor, I’m honored to have the chance to pick up where Marty leaves off. More on that in a bit. First, it seemed fitting to gather a few reflections from Marty, now that he’s no longer chasing a deadline in the wind!

—————————————————————————-

 

Marty Basch

 

CB: What did you enjoy most about editing Windswept?

MB: The feedback, passion and connection in Rockpile Nation while keeping members informed about the Observatory’s work. I always appreciated well-written and concise offerings from members. Scoring the cover photo was a big deal for some. Thank you for making the job easier.

The most joy came from watching observers and valley staff evolve as writers and photographers. Not everyone cares for it. Making aspects of weather easy to digest and visually appealing can be challenging. The process of getting ideas across clearly is a pain at times but when done well, we all benefit.

CB: What will you miss?

MB: That’s easy. The people. But I plan to continue our membership, donate and volunteer. You’ll still have to tolerate me occasionally.

CB: How did the experience of editing Windswept for 14 years impact your life/career?

I’m no weather geek and initially wasn’t sure this would work. But this was an opportunity to be part of a legendary piece of Mount Washington tradition and culture, which I value and appreciate greatly. The Observatory provides community. It educates. I was but a bit player in a highly professional, dedicated and bright group and am eternally grateful. 

CB: Are there any memorable snippets of Observatory life that you care to share?

MB: Sure, though I’m sworn to secrecy on some mile-high tales. Being part of the team hanging the Seek the Peak summit prayer flags Sept. 21, 2020 at sunrise is forever in my heart. That was a highlight from a personally demanding year.

I’ve volunteered on the summit twice in winter. Highly memorable was nearly making the 100 mph club on the observation deck. My wife Jan and I sustained 80-plus mph winds but it cost me my goggles which flew off my head. The most harrowing experience was coming down on a shift change with severe winds and zero visibility. They tied an observer to a rope in front of the snowcat so the driver could see! Jan couldn’t bear it and spent the time crocheting. Happy Hour was early that day.

CB: What are you looking forward to?

MB: My long stretch with the Observatory was as a part-time independent contractor and I appreciated the Observatory’s flexibility as I juggled writing projects, which continues. And bike. Lots. Since my wife might read this, I always look forward to spending time with her.

—————————————————————————-

Maybe we can coax Marty into writing a feature story for us now and again. Speaking of stories, our staff is working on some intriguing threads for the Fall/Winter edition, available this November.

We recently completed a Windswept survey to gather voices of our readers and help chart the publication’s future. One of the survey questions asked readers to select three topics they find most interesting. The top responses were: history of Mount Washington and the Observatory (selected by 74.5% of respondents), weather/meteorology (selected by 74%), and summit operations and observer life (selected by 72%).

Many readers wrote in comments to express their keen interest in specific topics. “I love to see personal stories about the people living there,” wrote one respondent. Another said, “Give me life at the top!”

We hear you!

Valuable insight also came from responses to the following question: “Do you think a new section focusing on Mount Washington’s changing climate would be valuable?” 70% said this would be highly valuable and 26% said somewhat valuable. Windswept has often featured articles about the Observatory’s climate research, but it’s clear that creating a section focusing on this area of interest will be important, supporting a key focus of the Observatory’s mission. We’re planning to accomplish this in 2022.

It was also great to see, based on responses, that our bulletin is read closely by a majority of our members. 80% of respondents said they read most or all of each issue, and 34% of that group said they do this within 1-2 days of receiving each edition. Completed by about 450 readers, the survey confirmed that Windswept provides our members with a valuable connection to the Observatory and Mount Washington. Yet another testament to Marty’s work.

Following are some of the verbatim comments submitted by readers:

“Each publication of Windswept offers glimpses into my past, memories of my past, all things happy. Your publication takes me on my virtual vacation, offering me both delight and education.”

“Our family reads every issue. It’s our personal connection to the weather and mountain. We appreciate the work and mission of all those working at and for the Observatory. Its mission is critical especially if we are to get serious as a country about climate change mitigation. The Windswept articles keep us current on the workings of and about the Obs. Thank you.”

 “Living a long way from NH yet having decades of experience hiking in the Whites, I highly value Windswept to keep me in touch, both about the Obs specifically and the Whites in general.”

“When stories get highly technical you usually do a decent job of explaining enough for the layperson to understand. Don’t ever deviate from this goal, it keeps the majority of people engaged.”

 “I appreciate Windswept as my way to stay close to MT Washington. Look for info regarding history of the mountain, first settlers, indigenous peoples, as well as current info from observers of weather and seasonal changes, changes over period of time and how we can best impact our environment.”

Having edited newspapers and magazines in the past (you can read my brief profile on our Staff page), I’m really excited to work on Windswept in service of the Observatory’s mission. If you have any story ideas or feedback, please don’t hesitate to send me a note at cbuterbaugh@mountwashington.org. I’m always eager to hear about a good story concept.

                                                            
Charlie Buterbaugh

 

Charlie Buterbaugh, Development Coordinator & Windswept Editor

A Cooler and Wetter July 2021

A Cooler and Wetter July 2021

2021-08-09 16:52:13.000 – Brian Fitzgerald, Director of Science and Education

 

July 2021 was much wetter and cooler than normal, particularly down in North Conway where the Mount Washington Observatory operates the“NCON3” Cooperative Weather Station (more information about the station and its history can be found here). Up on the summit of Mount Washington, weather observers recorded similar conditions throughout July, but with some both obvious, and not-so-obvious differences.
 
 

Figure 1: July temperature, precipitation, and, and wind statistics at Mount Washington (KMWN) and North Conway (NCON3).

 
Down in North Conway, daily maximum temperatures struggled to warm past 80F for more than half of the month. While daily maximum temperatures averaged nearly five degrees cooler than normal, daily minimum temperatures managed to average 0.2 degrees F warmer than normal. July 2021 overall averaged a daily mean temperature of 67.4, which was more than two degrees F cooler than normal, and the first cooler than normal month since February of this year. Prior to that, our last cooler than normal month was March of 2020.
 
 

Figure 2: North Conway, NH COOP Weather Station, station identifier – NCON3.

 
For the summit of Mount Washington, daily maximum temperatures averaged quite a bit cooler than normal as well, at almost 3 degrees F below normal. Minimum temperatures on the summit averaged cooler than normal as well, combining with daily maximum temperatures for the month that created a mean of 48.1F. Both the summit and valley were nearly 2 degrees F cooler than normal for the month, but in different ways, perhaps reflecting how the two locations experience diurnal heating and cooling differently. When compared with the valley, the summit station’s last cooler-than-normal month was just this past May.
 
 

Figure 3: The Mount Washington Observatory’s summit weather station and instrument tower, station identifier – KMWN.

 
All but six days had measurable precipitation throughout the month of July 2021on both the summit and down in the valley in North Conway. An active pattern contributed to disturbance after disturbance passing through the region, with tropical storm Elsa moving through southern New England on the 9th/10th, producing the highest rainfall total in 24 hours at 1.81 inches in North Conway. Rainfall was not quite as heavy from that event on the summit, which saw an even greater precipitation event over 24 hours on the 17th/18that 1.87 inches. Overall, precipitation totaled 7.76 inches for the month in  North Conway, coming in at 3.26 inches above normal. Observers on the summit recorded more precipitation at 9.74 inches; however, the departure from normal was less at 0.81 inches wetter than normal. Areas to our south, including Concord, NH, saw nearly double the amount of rainfall through the month, setting new records for the wettest July.
 
Though rainfall was significant for the month, the US Drought Monitor is reporting that northern Carroll and Southern Coos Counties experiencing “abnormally dry conditions”, due to many consecutive months of less than normal precipitation. Precipitation for the year to end of July totals 21.52 inches, which is 6.05 inches drier than normal for North Conway, while the summit has received 36.15inches, which is 17.37 inches below normal through July.
 
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If you’re interested in learning more about how “normal” is calculated for these sites and beyond, I’d highly recommend you register for our upcoming talk on Tuesday, August 10that 7 pm when New Hampshire State Climatologist and UNH Associate Professor Mary Stampone, and MWO Staff and Interns present about the newly released 1991-2020 climate normals. For more information about how to register, or view recorded Science in the Mountains programs, follow the link here.
 

 

Brian Fitzgerald, Director of Science and Education

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